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Delicious old coffee

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One of the first things I picked up when I became seriously dedicated to coffee is how important freshness is. For a while I was studying roast dates on bags of beans that I was buying, sorting through the bags on display in shops, always making sure to get the absolute freshest beans available and of course completely ignoring any bag that did not have a roast date.

Later, after much struggling to get the grind and dose right on super fresh beans, I made peace with the fact that for espresso, a week is the least amount of time to wait before finding out how it tastes and I try to keep enough stock of a roast in order to be able to try batches roasted in a range of a week ago until a month or even a little more.

Of beans that I have roasted myself, I keep notes on the prints of the profiles and I also add notes that friends send me whom I have shipped bags of the same batch so I can compare how these beans do in my setup of Compak E8 and R120 grinders and Londinium espresso machine with setups like HG One and Strietman, or Mahlgut and Strega.

A rather light roast and the results on different systems and dates
A batch roasted somewhat light on July 25th was nothing special a week later on my setup but scored very good the same day on a Mahlgut/Strega system. On a coarser grind it did very well the next day for me and on August 5th, it was delicious without fault in the aftertaste on a GS/3. Five days later at a HG One / Strietman setup it was the best so far of any batch I'd sent Erik recently. By then almost none of these beans were left in my stock but I thoroughly cherished the last shots.

Yesterday a remarkable feedback came from Roemer Overdiep. He and I experimented with the Fracino Roastilino back in 2014. Unpacking boxes in his new home, Roemer came across a bag of beans that we roasted on the last day of 2014, almost 20 months ago. He'd saved the bag as a souvenir but since he was out of beans for his iSteel / La Pavoni Europiccola setup, he decided to give it a try because the smell coming from the beans was so good. Much to his surprise the taste was excellent! Herbal and nutty, not a trace of the acidity he remembered these beans had at the time.

Maybe the type of bag is of influence. I remember we bought a few of these silver bags and decided not to order more because they were expensive.

I wonder if this quality ageing can be reproduced and I will try to save some bags roasted these days to be tasted much later. I believe these were relatively small bags with no valve. One of the (sample) bags that I used at the time puffed up like a tightly packed sausage with the CO2 that was pushed out from the fresh beans in the few days after the roast. It is maybe a good idea to let the beans rest in a container with a lid for a day or two before storing them in these bags and sealing these bags. I ordered 100 more of them cheaply now (on sale).


PS: I searched and retrieved the roast profile of the above roast:



Roasting for Hombres: Bars for Beans

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Costa Rica, Perla Negra, Las Lajas beans, airmailed to us ahead of the shipment
A year ago I roasted some samples of Costa Rican beans for Erik Rauws (http://www.anemoicoffee.com)  of Tres Hombres, a sailing ship owned by three friends who are building a green, sustainable fair trade logistics network, transporting chocolate, rum and coffee beans across the ocean.

At the time I was still using my Fracino Roastilino and we had small batches of 220g so it was a matter of trying out which profile would work best with just a chance or two to get it right.

This is one Artisan profile saved from last year:
July 2015 profile of Costa Rica Las Lajas beans
The result wasn't bad but it would have been better with a lighter roast. Profiles are not easily translated between roasters but we kept this in mind preparing the roast of 1.25kg in the Coffee-Tech FZ-94 today.

Background design

Erik Rauws and I started off with a background design. The idea was to stop the roast earlier but keep the 175ºC end temp as theoretical target. 


The beans smell absolutely beautiful. Bean moisture (measured on the Wile device) is 10.1% which looks good as well. 


(picture by Erik Rauws)

As Erik and I were chatting about Tres Hombres, I overlooked two details of the roast: the max DT was still at 155ºC instead of the correct value of 180ºC to be set after start of the roast. This could be corrected before it would cause trouble. The other thing was drum speed which I had left at 40 RPM instead of 60 RPM, as was reflected in the Rate of Rise being lower than expected. After I corrected this (after minute 7), the roast ran as planned. After First Crack started, Erik and I discussed the developing color, comparing it to another recent roast and discussing our intention to avoid over-roasting and also aiming for 25% development time. We stopped the roast the moment we agreed and when we ground a handful of the beans the smell of the grinds was quite delicious, lots of fruity notes.

The resulting profile:



Bagged and sealed for different tasting sessions, picture by Erik Rauws:



In return for the roasting session I received a stack of four Trinitario chocolate Tres Hombres Bars. Very happy with these!





Alarms to actively help with your roasting

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During the roast described in the previous blog entry I noticed that the beans heated up slower than I expected and as I was also chatting with a visitor, it took me a while to realise I had the drum turning at the slow "warming up" speed and also that I had not yet set the SV-BT slider to the proper maximum value.

This was swiftly corrected without anyone noticing my glitch but afterwards I decided to make use of the "Alarms" feature in Artisan to automate a number of routine actions and alerts.
(Also see the "More Alarms" blog entry on the Artisan blog)

Below is a short video demonstrating what happens now after I click Start:


After I click Start, Artisan makes sure that my Coffee-Tech FZ-94 roaster has the correct drum speed and airflow and also it sets the PID of the Drum Temp to the correct maximum (SV-BT) value. 

The values of the sliders on the left of the Artisan screen automatically move to the intended figures. Drum speed 60 means that the drum will rotate with about 60 rotations per minute. In my setup, a Fan slider value of 20 corresponds with 45% of the airflow capacity and a SV-BT slider value of 95% corresponds with a maximum target value of the Drum Temperature of just over 180ºC.

A computer system voice announces these values so I am reminded to check if these are indeed effectively set.

From then onwards, the voice also reminds me to check bean color around the expected Dry End point, it alerts me to listen for First Crack around a Bean Temp of 159ºC and it announces suggestions for moments to switch off the heating elements. After a few roasts of the same batch of beans, these values can be edited to reflect what has actually happened in color development, First Crack and also depending on the observed effort the PID made to drive the Fan Speed in order to cruise along the planned profile.

After the beans have been dropped, Artisan remembers to set the SV-BT back to the value that I need to warm up the machine next time I will do roast. Also, a reminder is given 50 seconds after DROP to stop cooling the beans.

Below is a roast profile of a roast I did using this new set of Alarms in Artisan:


Around minute 3, the Bean Temp joined the planned temperature profile and the PID of Artisan nicely activated the fan speed to make sure BT cruised along the designed profile. Manually, I switched off elements when I noticed the fan worked very hard and I briefly switched one element on around minute 13 to help sustain the Rate of Rise a little. I aimed for a lighter roast so I stopped at 24% development time.

Below is the list of the current Alarms:


Marko Luther has published several blogs about the many possibilities of the Alarms:
  1. Alarms
  2. Speaking Alarms for OSX
  3. More Alarms

Good Coffee: Let it Breathe

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I added this as PS to the recent "Delicious Old Coffee" blog entry:

Yesterday, Jan van der Weel told me that the Italian owner of a cafe in De Pijp here in Amsterdam purposely keeps his beans in open containers. Jan is a regular customer of the place that I have only visited when Jan and I wrote our articleinKTCMagazine about espresso recipes. When Jan saw these open containers filled with beans, he asked the owner about it, since it is generally assumed that these beans must be conserved in dark airtight containers to slow down ageing as oxygen causes swift deterioration.

The Italian barista explained how he expressly wants oxygen around his roasts. He demonstrated how he actually stirs the stored beans daily to make sure that all beans come in contact with fresh air!

I realised that I am often impatient to find out how my roasts develop over time. If so, why do I keep the beans in closed boxes? For now, I keep the lid off the big hopper to allow the full roasted batch to breathe and to show me how it is developing post-roast.

Open hopper allowing for light and fresh air

Tiny Cheap Fluid Bed Roaster: Jan's technical story

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(Adding the following contribution by Jan van der Weel to http://kostverlorenvaart.blogspot.nl/2016/08/tiny-cheap-fluid-bed-roaster-by-tije.html)

Hardware and electronic design

(copied / merged from http://www.byleew.nl/coffee/simple-affordable-fluid-bed-roaster/)
Essentially the electronics for this design consist of a heating element, air pump, two relays and a temperature probe. The hardware design is inspired by the Roastuino project. In this project they used a simple heating element (heat gun), glass roast chamber and cheap (€ 12) but effective air pump. For the ‘electronic heart’ we used TC4 Digital Thermometer and Temperature Controller. The advantage of the TC4 is that it’s relatively cheap, programmable and it already has existing firmware to make it work with the Artisan roast software. After sourcing all the hardware, Tije manufactured the remaining parts and he also constructed the prototype. We used a very helpful wiring diagram (use at your own risk) that we found on the TC4 site to connect the electronics.
Firmware for the TC4
Without firmware the TC4 will not do anything. Luckily there are different firmware versions (Artisan Arduino Sketches) for the TC4 available. First we tried the latest available aArtisan that we found on this TC4 site. The code was from 2013 and we somehow did not get it to work properly. On Github we found a more recent version (aArtisanQ_PID_6_0). After compiling the Arduino sketch made by Jim Gallt we got a warning ‘Low memory available, stability problems may occur’. Maybe the code needs to be optimised, but we just hoped it’s would not be a problem.
Second test
Last week, we tested the roaster again. The airflow and heating are nicely balanced. When using 100% power from the heating element, we were able to get 200 grams of coffee in first crack after just 4 minutes and 45 seconds. That means that the machine has lots of power. The prototype was able to communicate with the Artisan roast software. We could log the temperature and set the heating percentage. The AC fan control however didn’t work. This problem was solved by installing the newer firmware .
Logging noise

Next steps
More work needs to be done. Priorities are to configure the PID temperature control and to reduce the logging noise. Many thanks to everyone that have made this project possible. To be continued!
List of parts
Below you can see the list of the parts that we have used until now. When you add up all the costs you can see how it somehow got a little more expensive than we had hoped.
Table: List of parts
NumberComponentsQuantityOrderEuro (ex shipping)
1Fotek SSR 40 DA1Ebay4.15
2Crydom d2425-101Ebay25
3AC zero cross detector1mlgp-llc.com21.5
2TC4 SHIELD1mlgp-llc.com79
3Silverchrest Air Pump1Ebay12.9
4Ceramic Heat gun element 30 Ohm1Aliexpress?0
5Laboratory heat resistant glass (90 mm x 2.5 mm x 200 mm)1Lgsbv.com79
6Funnel (inner diameter 97mm)1?7
7Heat resistant kit (Uni Acryl AC 180)1Kachelmaterialenshop.nl12.2
8Jumper wires1Ebay0
9Tube mounting brackets1?0
10Wood1?0
11K-thermocouple (miniature)1tcdirect.nl22
12262.75


Tiny Cheap Fluid Bed Roaster: Tije's construction

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(Adding the following contribution by Tije de Jong to the main blog about this roaster)

We asked Tije to make us a sketch of the construction he built for this roaster to assist anyone who would like to copy the concept:




Roasting Ethiopia, Oromia, Nefas Farm

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The FZ-94 ready to get roasting
Roasting a new stock of beans on a new roaster is exciting because one needs to get 'the feel' for the machine and at the same time find out what could be the best performing roast profile for the bean, not just for oneself but also for fellow baristas.

Beans
I picked up 22.5kg's of Ethiopian Yirgacheffe  beans harvested 2015/2016 at 1600m above sea level on Nefas Farm in the Oromia region, 500km from Addis Ababa. The berries were hand picked, washed at a local station, fermented up to 48 hours and dried for 9 to 15 days on elevated drying beds.

On arrival from Giraffe I measured a moisture value of 9.5%, using the Wile Coffee an Cocoa moisture meter.

Taste over time
Since I do not do any cupping, my roast evaluation method takes more time. I let the beans rest for about a week, preferably longer and then taste the espresso over a few days time. At home I use a Compak E8 grinder with the redspeed burrs, and also a Compak R120.

If I use the latter grinder I am single dosing, make sure to first throw a handful of beans through the grinder that I won't use, followed by a single dose, trying the extraction, changing the grind, again first flushing a handful et cetera until I get the best shot I can make. The R120 gives an excellently truthful result, revealing precisely the horrid or the beautiful, whatever was in the bean to extract.

Mostly I use the E8 though, with a well filled hopper to have a consistent downward pressure on the beans towards the burrs.

Fellow Baristas
I also send out batches of beans to fellow home baristas, guys who are each very dedicated to their coffee making. One, Bob, uses a Tidaka grinder and a Bezzera Strega machine, the other, Erik, extracts on a Strietman CT-1 matched with a Eureka Olympus grinder fitted with TiN Mythos burrs. I also took batches to Erik and Edward from Trakteren Cafe here in Amsterdam (Edward won the silver award at the recent Dublin world championship for Aeropress) and one batch went to Bert van Wassenhove and his colleague at Caffenation, also in Amsterdam. All their feedback helps enormously to find out how the beans perform on a spectrum of different machines than my own Londinium L1-P lever machine.

First I will show you the best looking roast profile, roasted today but modelled after the profiles that so far scored best:

Roast profile for Batch 17
Roast procedure
I warmed up the machine until Drum Temp hit 150ºC, then started the roast. In Artisan, the preprogrammed alarms ensured the correct drum speed, airflow and max DT was set and along the roast, voice alerts prompted for events like checking bean color around 120ºC, and the optional hints for switching off the heating elements. At minute 6, as the actual Bean Temp (BT) closely approached the designed background profile, I switched on the internal software PID of Artisan which then took over control of the airspeed to force the BT to coast exactly along the designed curve.

The Rate of Rise (blue line) gradually declined, with a brief tendency to move up near the onset of FC, then sloping gently down until the End of Roast.

I switched off (grey dots) the first of three elements around 11:15, the second around 12:20, briefly switching it back on around 12:50 and then switched off the last element around 14:30. The airflow, managed by the Artisan software PID, made sure that BT did not overshoot nor lag behind.

Average Rate of Rise for the three stages was 8.1ºC/min, 7.8ºC/min and finally 3.6ºC/minute. Development time was 25% of the total roast at nearly 4 minutes and beans were cooled down in just over a minute.

How did I arrive at this profile design?

Below I share 8 profiles of the previous 16 roasts. I printed the profiles, adding handwritten notes to these when I (or others) tasted the results.

Batch 2
Batch 2 seemed too fast and not hot enough. Extraction was fast even when ground finer. It seemed pretty at first but really did not develop well over the days. Chucked it. Friends use it in their garden to scare away the cats.

Batch 3
Batch 3 was just as light, but roasted a minute longer. Faster drum speed after FC helped to get rid of chaff but really in a good, active development, the chaff must fly off voluntarily with volatility and voila. In the following days, it remained somewhat dry in mouthfeel after the first sensation that seemed reasonable. Nothing special. The green beans deserve much better!


Batch 4
Batch 4 roasted to 175ºC in 15 minutes. On other roasters this would read about 40ºC higher, as FC sets in around 160ºC and one knows the beans will be around 200ºC then. This is not an issue, just something to keep in mind when trying to "translate" profiles between roasters. It worked well om the La Marzocco Linea Mini which Jan van der Weel and I were reviewing for KTC magazine that week, mild and beautiful on the Londinium and it even did well on my neighbor's superautomatic with built in grinder. Still, not standing out with much that would suggest the terroir.

Batch 7
Batch 7 was faster again but still ending at a comparable 175ºC . It worked very well on the Strega at Bobs place and Erik found this one the best of the batches so far on his Strietman. A friend with a Tonino color meter came by and tested it at Tonino 107, on the light side for espresso.

Batch 8
Batch 8 was roasted longer and lighter. A pleasant espresso, soft/woolly with something fruity at Bobs place, I found it somewhat spicy and just a hint of acidity but an earthy aftertaste. Certainly not as good as Batch 7.

Batch 9
A very long roast, nearly 18 minutes, having fumbled with the new PID feature.  Four days after roast it seemed fine, but Bob found it way too dark for Ethiopia and I agreed. Still, almost two weeks after roast in was a beautiful espresso, complex without an unpleasant aftertaste.  I was "in the ball park" but would like to bring about something better.

Batch 11
Batch 11: same 176ºC end temp in a much shorter time, nearly 15 minutes with the PID actively managing the BT all along the roast. The result first had a dry aftertaste, not very expressive but the next day, grinding finer and extracting 21g of espresso from 18g in the basket with a 12s preinfusion it gave me several delicious shots in a row. Getting close?

Batch 12
Checking again if a faster, lighter roast would get me more of the 'Ethiopian' elements, the brightness and fruitiness without the dry aftertaste. Treated my neighbour and his colleagues at the bicycle store with 3 espressos they liked. Using the R120 grinding a little bit finer than usual, 19g of grinds yielded 30g of espresso in 27 seconds which tasted very nice, light bright and spicy but still had this dry mouthfeel that I don't get when I roast up to 175ºC in 15 minutes. I took most of the rest of this batch to Bert of Caffenation where he and his colleague will give me feedback soon.

Then (skipping a few batches) I did the roast that's at the top of this page. A copy / combi of the best profiles so far which also happened to work very well with the Artisan setup and PID driving the roaster.

I will add my findings in a week or so!






Espresso on vacation

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I know, vacation can be awful, the very word can give one the shivers. But remember, even vacation can be pleasant if you just bring along a basic coffee set. Then, waking up in a strange place can be so much fun!
















Tweaking a PID for La Pavoni

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"On the road" set for coffee
Being on a holiday trip is a great time to work with smaller equipment and to take a closer look at the configuration. Spending the day with these machines saves you much time and money which would otherwise be spent on sunscreen, sculptures and cathedrals.

Earlier this year, during a stay in Poland, I noticed that both Pavonis deliver equally delicious espresso, even if one just has its internal pressostat to control the pressure/temperature of the boiler and the other has an elaborate PID system with a Fuji PXG4 controlling the exact temperature of the brew head by regulating the energy of the heating element inside the boiler, and Artisan above it all, monitoring and logging what the PID is doing, how much energy the element is spending and the effect over time on the brew head temperature.

As you can see in the illustration above and below, I noticed this time that the ideal level of brew head temp was not successfully managed. I tried to start the Fuji's'autotune' but as the Fuji fired up the element to measure its effect, the over pressure valve began to hiss urgently and the manometer dial showed a pressure well into the red 'danger zone' so I stopped that and tried to change the settings manually.

Red line showing overactive PID control

Starting a recording in Artisan. Tasting proved that here, with my Ethiopian beans, the temperature on the outside of the brew group before start of the shot is best at 77ºC (the extraction temp inside the puck is higher of course). 


Close up of the temps during / after an shot of espresso: 12.5g in the basket, 0.4 bar on the gauge, 12 seconds pre-infusion, 20g of espresso in 30 seconds. Temperature probe inside the cooling ring against the brew group varies just over 1ºC. The red line shows the target 77ºC, the orange line represents the heater activity and the black line shows the deviation of the temp from the target.


Larger view over 104 minutes of idling with one espresso shot at minute 57:


For those with a similar setup, I enclose what I think are all the menu settings one needs to do the same.

Colors in the screen are set like this:

With some trial and error I found these PID settings to work best:


This is the content of the Device Assignment menu in Artisan:


Extra Devices:

For a while, it was unclear to me how to display the deviation, the difference between target temperature and actual measured temperature. In the current new version of Artisan, this works differently and another formula was needed.

Marko Luther pointed me to the blog about Signals, Symbolic Assignments and the Plotter on the Artisan website and I also found the Help info below in the Extras menu of Artisan:


Trying out the different symbolic variables I arrived at the abs(Y2-Y3) formula which works beautifully again.

Below is my current Serial Ports menu. Mostly this is different with Parity=0 instead of N but if I want to comply with this, I need to dive into the configuration of the Fuji.


Hopefully this info will someday be of help to another user of the Fuji PXG4 in a similar setup.

Thanks to Marko Luther for Artisan!!
6 shots. First one at 15min when the machine wasn't fully warmed up. Cleaning flush at 42mins. 

Batch 17 spot on, finally

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After weeks of experimentation which was documented in the previous blog about roasting beans from the Ethiopia Oromia Nefas farm, I have at last found what I think is the optimal profile for 1.25kg of these beans in my Coffee-Tech FZ-94 roaster, using the free Artisan software.


I first tried this batch on the set that I brought along for a short vacation near Rockanje in Zuid-Holland and after my return home last night I could hardly wait to try it on the Londinium L1-P.

18.6g in the basket, 33g out in 41s after a 10s pre-infusion (5s of 2 bar, 5s of 3 bar). The espresso is bright, very typically Ethiopian and sweet, without leaning towards a dry after-taste and also not tasting too dark while still having a creamy mouthfeel and, when swirling the coffee in the wide cup, the syrupy coffee fluid momentarily hangs on to the side of the cup before slowly flowing back into the rest of the espresso.

iPhone Picture by Roemer Overdiep
So I'll stick to this profile for the remaining few batches and start with that when I go searching for the best roast of the next bean ahead, from Guatemala.

Back in the time when we first experimented with the little Fracino Roastilino shop roaster, Roemer Overdiep and I briefly had a website where people could order coffee beans. The quantities roasted turned out to be too small really to sustain a website with ordering / postage mechanism.

In the near future, this concept will be revitalised and John, another local roaster, will participate.

John is dedicated to creating excellent and affordable blends for small businesses who are aiming for the most 'bang for the buck'. He too roasts at home and he uses a small professional cast iron roaster that is wonderful for creating classic allround full-bodied coffee which will please many.

My personal aim is to buy the best green beans that I can get my hands on and then search for the best possible profile, only selling some of the low quantity high quality output after I am convinced it's great.

This costs more in time and material.

Also, I want to stay as radically transparent as I have been so far, communicating all technical details and the actual Artisan roast profiles of any batch. In my view, this is part of using Artisan, which is also an open source program, free for all to share.

In effect, people could decide to use my beans for their coffee but at the same time anyone who finds they like the result can go out, get the same equipment I specified and use the same methods I have published in detail to start roasting.

I would like to produce beans that anyone who loves their coffee will want to taste every once in a while and not keep any aspect of the production a secret.

TinyTonino in Town

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There's a new and very nifty Tonino device to measure the roast color of your cofee. It is small enough to fit inside a standard portafilter basket and it works wirelessly using its internbal battery that also charges wirelessly when the device sits on its base station. TinyTonino can be loaded with its own Tonino scale, the Agtron scale and others. See also: my-tonino.com 
Music: youtube.com/watch?v=xEYbkyolu54

Quickstart guide:
https://github.com/myTonino/Tonino-App/blob/master/src/doc/QuickStart/QuickStart.md

Using the app on my laptop, I told the Tonino I aim for #95 as my roast color. Testing this on a spot of my wooden desk, Tonino reports that if it were coffee, it would be "heavy" and 42 points below target at Tonino #53 ;-)



Tiny Fluid Bed Roaster, an update

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An update after the earlier blog:

Today, Jan updated the Arduino software, also trying out a new Artisan setup that supports a "background roast" using the Artisan PID to follow a pre-designed roast profile. The background is not followed yet so we missed a setting but the PID keeps a fairly stable target temperature. Tije fixed the new safety switch that Jan has brought along. In case of software failure, if you want to switch off the heater and keep the blower active in order to cool the beans and prevent overheating of the element, the switch bypasses the Arduino control board.


FZ-94 warmup, profile design and roasting Guatemala Las Delicias

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It's not easy to estimate the amount of energy inside the warmed up Coffee-Tech FZ-94 machine so sometimes after charging the load of beans, the Turning Point is later or sooner than expected, at a lower or higher temperature than planned and then the roast will take longer or go faster than anticipated.

This is, in my view, not necessarily a problem as long as the part after Dry End is largely according to the desired profile with the development time sufficient to get the desired roast color as measured, for instance, with the Tonino device.

To get a warmup situation that is as consistent as possible, I developed a setting of the internal PID of Artisan which regulates the airflow to precisely keep the BT probe at a certain temperature. I aim for the other probes, Drum Temp and Exhaust Temp, to be close and stable near that BT value:

Warming up the Coffee-tech FZ-94 roaster

You see in the screen snapshot that the target BT (brown line) is at 155ºC. I start with all 3 elements on and at 10 minutes, as DT (black line) goes through the 155ºC mark, I switch off one element. As the RoR (dark blue line) levels off and BT reaches 155ºC around 14:30, the airflow (light blue line) is increased and for 10 minutes the machine is kept very stable by the Artisan PID feature. ET (blue line) is practically the same as BT here.

These are the PID settings that I use:



And this is the setup of the slider. The lowest value of the slider still has 55% of the total fan speed so no hot "bubble" can build up beneath the drum. If such a bubble is allowed to build up, it would belch upward when airflow is increased and then for a while, the opposite effect (warmup) would be accomplished and not a cooling (or actually less heating) effect of airflow increase.

Slider values:


Below is the design for the next roast to start right after warmup is completed:


And this is a first result, roasting Guatemala Las Delicias by Manolo Muralles:


Some minor shifting left-right has been applied during the roast to align the BT curve with the plan. One element shut off shortly before FC. Could maybe have been shut off later, avoiding the slight slump in RoR which is exaggerated in the graph by the blue RoR line. Airflow around FC was not very high so there was margin enough to correct some surplus heat from the third element. Second element shut down a littel past 14 minutes and the last one at about 15:30. Roast color after completely cooling down 30g of beans, chucking 10g through the R120 Compak to get any other grinds out and grinding 20g at extra fine setting, was Tonino # 91 which is within my target of 95 plus/minus 5. I let 17.5g of puck rest for 5 minutes before pulling a first espresso which was not as sharp as anticipated for such extreme freshness. 28g in 25s, a spicy creamy cup, not dry in aftertaste, so a good mouthfeel.

ConTeXt meeting 2016 in Kalenberg

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Basic and vital requirement: espresso travel set

Sunrise at Kalenberg










Taco Hoekwater & Hans Hagen on 'koeienletterOT' open-type font design

audience

Taco Hoekwater & Hans Hagen on 'koeienletterOT' open-type font design

Taco Hoekwater & Hans Hagen on 'koeienletterOT' open-type font design

Taco Hoekwater & Hans Hagen on 'koeienletterOT' open-type font design

Taco Hoekwater & Hans Hagen on 'koeienletterOT' open-type font design
Tobias Berndt about Typesetting Blackletter Fonts


























Poldermuseum

Poldermuseum

Poldermuseum

Poldermuseum

Poldermuseum
 (other pictures on https://sedna.fiee.net/d/5964965c8d/)

More about the PIDded La Pavoni

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(also see the earlier blog about tweaking the PID and the original full blog about all installation details)




At the 2016 ConTeXt meeting in Kalenberg there is enough time to study the behaviour of the La Pavoni as it is idling during the presentations and frequently busy producing delicious espressos during the breaks when my one-person four-bedroom place gets visitors.

I tried a different PID setting this time because sometimes the group temp seemed slow to recover from a deviation:


The warmup is done using the internal pressostat of the La Pavoni and around the target group temp value of 77ºC I switch off the main power switch of the machine and hand over control to the Fuji PXG-4 and Artisan.





Tiny Cheap Fluid Bed Roaster: Artisan background roast test

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This will be added to the original blog entry. Text and screen snapshots by Jan van der Weel.


Yesterday we tested the “background roast” feature of the free Artisan software, with Artisan activating and regulating the heater in order to let the BT cruise along the pre-designed profile. Before our test made a few improvements to the hard- and software configuration.

Closing the air leak
Tije sealed the edge of the funnel to fix an air leak. This change boosted the power of the airflow into the bed of beans. Our first impression is that the maximum batch size increased from 200 grams to at least 225-250 grams.

Fighting spikes
In our last test drive we experienced a lot of spikes in the temperature readings. To fix this we installed two ferrite beads that were supposed to suppress the high frequency noise in the circuit. Marko Luther, also gave us suggestions how to get more stable readings. By increasing the filter values in the Artisan Device Assignment tab, we should get better usable readings. Marko indicated that a value from 80 until 90 percent should give us better results. These changes resulted in much more stable readings.


Improving Device and PID configuration

In our previous test we didn’t manage to let Artisan drive the PID drive the roast along the pre defined roast curve. After showing Marko Luther our configuration files, he quickly saw what caused the issue. The PID settings on the Arduino control tab had to be reconfiged. To make it work the source number needed to be changed into “2”. That’s the same as the BT channel number on the Device Assignment tab. Many thanks to Marko Luther for his great help!


Testing roasting along the pre defined roast curve

During the preparation of our test we saw chaff flying into the air pump. This chaff decreased the power of the airflow. Frans fixed this problem pragmatically by installing a little strainer on the air pump.

After making all of the changes we were ready for the ‘background roast’ test. The test was quite successful. We managed to get our prototype to roast along the pre defined roast curve. The graph shows that the PID follows the background. But in the image below that the precision can be improved. In graph below you can also see a big dip after the start of the first crack. This might have been caused by airflow changes during the roast.


Next steps

More work needs to be done to optimise the PID configuration. Furthermore we are planning to put a kind of hood on the roasting chamber. This is supposed to improve the efficiency of the heating by restricting the loss of hot air. We are looking forward to do the next test run!


Probat factory collection and tour

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One of the best experiences during my visit to Probat & Emmerich this week was visiting their museum collection and factory tour. The very early roasting machines, many hundreds of antique household hand grinders and even a solar energy coffee roaster on display.

At the Probat factory café, the German Coffee Roaster championships were taking place and I was there to assist Marko Luther of Artisan and Tonino.

For all roasts, Artisan as used, with a laptop next to the Probatone 5 machine for the roaster and a parallel Artisan display on a big screen for the competitors and all other spectators. Marko Luther made sure that the software would run fine and that no roaster would forget to press a button to save the roast profile to be evaluated and published later. I assisted with some others in weighing the roasted beans and measuring the roast color using the TinyTonino device.

More about that special event soon.

During a tour of the gigantic factory there were interesting stories and we saw hugely impressive machinery, dozens of expert technicians and mechanics, a hall for the training of student technicians and of course many many roasting machines and industrial coffee grinders.

A line of roasters like we have at home, some like we see in the cafe/roastery type businesses that appear all over the city these days, but also roasters for the industry that range from 'small' lab roasters with a capacity of 250kg to the bigger ones that roast thousands of kgs at a time. Customers from large chains and major brands come visit, bringing along twenty thousand kilograms of green coffee and they spend a day roasting it all on whatever super machines are available, then making up their minds about new orders.

In some halls taking pictures was strictly prohibited and there I kept my lens capped but in others it was allowed to make photos as long as no details were studied up close.





























Milking machine bike pump coffee brew

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Jochen, an avid collector of coffee machines, sailed to Amsterdam on his fast Pogo 10.50 "Avanti" sailing boat and once there, he visited Tije's workshop to finish a project he has worked on recently, building an experimental coffee brew group out of metal scrap parts, mainly taken from an old milking machine.

Some routine needs to be developed for the grind and dose but the hand pumped brew pressure works well.

The very first extraction of the new device had some distinct notes of manufacturing, mainly machine oil but this somehow smoothed the taste of the "Philips Senseo" type extraction.

Obviously some work needs to be done and Jochen can't wait to work on this device some more.


Visiting Van Gülpen, Germany's oldest coffee roastery

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Hosts, participants and the assisting team of the 2016 German Coffee Roaster Championship all shared a pizza at the Van Gülpen roastery in Emmerich, invited there by Lutz Reinhardt-van Gülpen who is one of the competing roasters and also the current director of the company which was founded in 1832.

The meal and a locally brewed specialty beer were enjoyed in the old library / cupping room which has been preserved and moved from the original location into the current building. Many machines in the roastery are as historic as the firm itself and in the production hall few details remind the visitor that it is the year 2016, even though the roastery is very successful to this day.




















Roast Color Measurement at the German 2016 SCAE roastmaster championship

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Every selected roasted batch at this week's German SCAE Röstmeisterschaft was weighed and then measured for roast color, using precise digital scales, a Compak E8 "red speed" grinder at finest setting, a heavy flat pencil tamper and a Tonino roast color meter.

As a member of the 'timing, weight and measurement team' I could take a few pictures of the procedure.

During one round the competing roasters could each roast two batches and then decide which one to offer for judgement. First the selected batch (cooled down) was weighed, then a sample was taken and poured into the empty grinder funnel. For five seconds the grinder was run to make sure any remains of the previous batch was out, then for nine seconds the grinder worked to get a mound of very fine grinds into the test basket.

Three minutes were set on a timer to let the grinds cool down after grinding, then the puck was repeatedly pressed and polished using the tamper and in between tamps any remaining dus om the coffee puck was blown off.

The calibrated Tonino device was then used to measure the roast color several times, making sure the results were consistent.  Then, weight and color data were handed to the jury.

The remaining volume of the batch was subsequently sealed in bags, marked, and set to rest.

The next morning, these batches were cupped and graded.

Here are a few pictures of the color measurement:

One of the roast profiles immediately post roast (logged using Artisan)
Weighing the batch, supervised by an official
Writing down the weight
Preparing the grinding, first flushing the Compak E8 grinder
 

Letting the grinds cool down for 3 minutes
Tamping very firm, creating a perfectly flat puck surface to measure
Calibrating the Tonino device
Measuring the puck color several times on different spots of the puck

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